| 8245408823 | Epidermis | Outer layer of skin, avascular, composed of 5 layers: (outtermost to innermost layer) -Stratum Corneum -Stratum Lucidum (found only in hands and soles of the feet) -Stratum Granulosum -Stratum Spinosum -Stratum Basale | | 0 |
| 8245408824 | Epithelial Tissue Membranes | -Cutaneous -Serous -Mucous | | 1 |
| 8245408825 | Cutaneous Membrane | Skin; covers the surface of the body. | | 2 |
| 8245408826 | Mucous Membrane | Lines all cavities that open to the outside of the body. (adapted for absorption and secretion) | | 3 |
| 8245408827 | Serous (serosa) Membrane | Lines the body cavities that are closed to the exterior; rests on a thin layer of areolar tissue; lines the peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium. | | 4 |
| 8245408828 | Serous Fluid | Clear fluid secreted by sell that allows organs to slide easily across each other without friction. | | 5 |
| 8245408829 | Peritonium | Double layered membrane surrounding the abdominal organs. | | 6 |
| 8245408830 | Pleura | Membrane surrounding the lungs. | | 7 |
| 8245408831 | Pericardium | Membrane surrounding the heart. | | 8 |
| 8245408832 | Synovial Membranes | Loose, connective tissue that lines the joint cavity; provides a smooth surface, secretes a lubricating fluid, is composed of areolar connective tissue. | | 9 |
| 8245408833 | Skin | Cutaneous membrane. | | 10 |
| 8245408834 | Parietal Layer | Lines a specific portion of the wall of the ventral cavity. | | 11 |
| 8245408835 | Visceral Layer | Covers the outside of the organs in a cavity. | | 12 |
| 8245408836 | Integumentary System | Consists of the skin, mucous membranes, hair, and nails. | | 13 |
| 8245408837 | Keratin | Tough, fibrous protein that is found in hair and nails. | | 14 |
| 8245408838 | Functions of the Integumentary System | -Protection -Sensory -Vitamin D production -Temperature regulation -Excretion and absorption. | | 15 |
| 8245408839 | Dermis | Strong, stretchy, and functions to bind the body together. Composed of 2 major regions: -Papillary -Reticular | | 16 |
| 8245408840 | Hypodermis | Subcutaneous tissue. Adipose and connective tissue. | | 17 |
| 8245408841 | Keratinocytes | Cells that produce keratin. | | 18 |
| 8245408842 | Order of Epidermis Tissues (mnemonic) | (outermost to innermost) Come Lets Get Sun Burned C- Corneum L- Lucidum G- Granulosum S- Spinosum B- Basale | | 19 |
| 8245408843 | Stratum Basale | Deepest layer of the epidermis; closest to the dermis; adequately nourished; cells are constantly dividing (mitosis) Function: makes melanin. | | 20 |
| 8245408844 | Stratum Spinosum | Consists of 8-10 layers of keratinocytes bound tightly together by desmosomes; spiny layer. Function: phaygocytosis | | 21 |
| 8245408845 | Stratum Granulosum | Cells become flatter and increasingly full of keratin. Function: Contains granules that make keratin. | | 22 |
| 8245408846 | Stratum Lucidum | A layer of epidermis found ONLY in thick skin of the fingers, palms, and soles of the feet. Function: extra protection. | | 23 |
| 8245408847 | Stratum Corneum | Most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead cells. Function: protects and waterproofs. | | 24 |
| 8245408848 | Melanin | A pigment that ranges from yellow to brown to black. Produces by melanocytes; located in the stratum basale. | | 25 |
| 8245408849 | Melanocytes | Epidermal cells that synthesize the pigment melanin, which protect the body from UV light. | | 26 |
| 8245408850 | Epidermal Dendritic Cells | Important in alerting and activating the immune system to a threat such as a bacterial or viral invasion. | | 27 |
| 8245408851 | Merkel Cells | Associated with sensory nerve endings and serve as touch receptors. | | 28 |
| 8245408852 | Papillary Layer | Upper dermal region; uneven and has projections from its superior (upper) surface called dermal papillae (fingerprints) | | 29 |
| 8245408853 | Reticular Layer | The deepest skin layer and contains irregularly arranged blood vessels, sweat and oil glands, and deep pressure receptors. | | 30 |
| 8245408854 | Dermal Papillae | Small nipple/peg like extensions of the dermis in to the epidermis (known as fingerprints) | | 31 |
| 8245408855 | Decubitus Ulcers | Bed sores; caused by constant pressure on an area of skin for a prolonged period of time. | | 32 |
| 8245408856 | Carotene | An orange-yellow pigment found in orange and yellow and leafy green vegetables. | | 33 |
| 8245408857 | Hemoglobin | Pigment in red blood cells that are found in the dermis. Crimson color of the hemoglobin flushes through transparent cell layers and gives light-skinned individuals a rosy glow. | | 34 |
| 8245408858 | Pallor/Blanching | Pale; may signify anemia, low blood pressure, or impaired blood-flow to the area. | | 35 |
| 8245408859 | Jaundice | Yellowing of the skin. Usually signifies liver disorder. Excess bile pigments are absorbed into the blood, circulated, and deposited into body tissues. | | 36 |
| 8245408860 | Bruise | Black and blue marks on the skin; reveals where blood has escaped circulation and has clotted in the tissue spaces. Clots are called hemotomas. | | 37 |
| 8245408861 | Erythema | Reddened skin, may indicate embarrassment (blushing), fever, hypertension, inflammation, or an allergy. | | 38 |
| 8245408862 | Skin Appendages | Orginates in the epidermis: -Cutaneous glands -Hair -Hair Follicles -Nails | | 39 |
| 8245408863 | Cutaneous Glands | Glands that release their secretions to the skin surface via ducts (exocrine glands) 2 types: -Sebaceous glands -Sweat glands (sudoriferous) | | 40 |
| 8245408864 | Sebaceous Glands | Oil glands that are found all over the skin except on the palm and soles of the feet. Sebaceous glands release sebum. | | 41 |
| 8245408865 | Sebum | Oily substance released from the sebaceous glands; lubricant that keeps the skin soft moist and prevents the hair from becoming brittle. | | 42 |
| 8245408866 | Sweat (sudoriferous) Glands | Found all over the body. 2 types: -Eccrine -Apocrine | | 43 |
| 8245408867 | Eccrine Glands | Found all over the body; produce sweat via a duct that opes as a pore. Primarily made up of water, salt, vitamin C, traces of metabolic wastes, and lactic acid. Function: regulate body temperature. | | 44 |
| 8245408868 | Apocrine Glands | Found ONLY in the axillary (armpit) and genital area of the body; secretes a milky substance that provides nutrients for bacteria living on the skin. Contains fatty acids and proteins. Function: unknown | | 45 |
| 8245408869 | Hair | Made up of keratin; produced by the hair follicle; is a flexible epithelial structure; provides protection and insulation. Each hair consists of: Medulla- central core Cortex- bulky middle Cuticle- outermost layer | | 46 |
| 8245408870 | Hair Follicles | Compound structures; INNER epidermal sheath is composed of epithelial tissues and forms the hair. OUTER dermal sheath is actual dermal connective tissue and provides blood supply to the matrix. | | 47 |
| 8245408871 | Arrector Pili | Small bands of smooth muscle that connect to each side of the hair follicle. When these muscles contract, the hair is pulled upright. (Goosebumps) | | 48 |
| 8245408872 | Nail | A scale-like modification of the epidermis. Nail is bordered by skin called nail folds. Proximal nail is call the cuticle. Nail bed ---> stratum basale. | | 49 |
| 8245408873 | Burn | Tissue damage and cell death caused by intense heat, electricity, UV (sunburn), or chemicals. 3 types of burns: -First degree -Second degree -Third degree | | 50 |
| 8245408874 | First-Degree Burn | Only the epidermis is damaged; heals with no special treatment. |  | 51 |
| 8245408875 | Second-Degree Burn | Involves injury to the epidermis and the upper region of the dermis. Skin is reddened, painful, and blisters appear. |  | 52 |
| 8245408876 | Third-Degree Burn | Destroys the entire thickness of the skin. Burned areas appear gray-white or blackened; not painful because nerve endings have been destroyed. Regeneration is not possible and skin grafting must be done to cover exposed tissue. |  | 53 |
| 8245408877 | Rule of Nines | Divides the body into 11 areas; each accounting for 9% of the total body surface area. Plus an additional area surrounding he genitals representing 1% of the body surface area. | | 54 |
| 8245408878 | Athlete's Foot (Tinea Pedis) | An itchy red peeling condition of the skin between the toes resulting from a fungal infection. | | 55 |
| 8245408879 | Boils/Carbuncles | An inflammation of the hair follicles and sebaceous glands. | | 56 |
| 8245408880 | Cold Sores | Small fluid-filled blisters that itch and sting, caused by the herpes simplex infection. | | 57 |
| 8245408881 | Contact Dermatits | Itching, redness, and swelling of the skin, progressing to blistering, caused by exposure of the skin to chemicals. | | 58 |
| 8245408882 | Impetigo | Involves pink water-filled raised lesions, usually around the mouth and nose that develop a yellow crust and eventually rupture. Caused by the staphylococcus bacteria. | | 59 |
| 8245408883 | Psoriasis | Chronic condition characterized by the over production of skin cells. Results on reddened epidermal lesions covered with dry scales that itch burn and crack. | | 60 |
| 8245408884 | Basal Cell Carcinoma | Least malignant and most common skin cancer. Stratum basale cells altered so they cannot for keratin and no longer honor the boundary between the epidermis and dermis, Must be surgically removed. | | 61 |
| 8245408885 | Squamos Cell Carcinoma | Arises from cells in the stratum spinosum and appears as a scaly red papule. Occurs mostly on scalp, ears, dorsum of hands and lower lip. Surgery removal or radiation therapy. | | 62 |
| 8245408886 | Malignant Melanoma | Cancer of the melanocytes. Accounts for 5% of skin cancers, but is the most deadly. | | 63 |
| 8245408887 | ABCD Rule | A- Asymmetry: 2 sides do not match B- Border- Borders are not smooth C- Colors- Contains different colors D- Diameter- Spot is bigger than 6mm (pencil eraser) | | 64 |
| 8245408888 | Lamellar/Pacinian Corpuscles | Nerve endings in the skin responsible for sensitivity to vibration and pressure. | | 65 |
| 8245408889 | Meissner's Corpuscles | Nerve endings in the skin that is responsible for sensitivity to light touch. | | 66 |
| 8245419308 | Epidermis | |  | 67 |
| 8245427152 | Dermis | |  | 68 |
| 8245440533 | decubitus ulcers | bed sores |  | 69 |
| 8245447131 | sebaceous glands | oil glands of the skin |  | 70 |